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by Nicolo MachiavelliWritten c. 1505, published 1515translated by W. K. MarriottCHAPTER IHOW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY AREACQUIREDALL STATES, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have beenand are either republics or principalities.Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been longestablished; or they are new.The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sforza, orthey are, as it were, members annexed to the hered